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welcome back to the mission control

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center here in houston where we uh now

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have to talk with us astronaut mario

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runko who's going to tell us a little

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bit more about what don pettit is going

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to be seeing

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on the space station and what we might

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be able to see here on earth as venus

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makes its transit across the sun later

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today thanks so much for joining us

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mario thank you brandi

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thank you brandi thanks for having me

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well okay so we heard a little bit there

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about kind of what the transit is but

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maybe you can tell us a little bit about

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your background why you're interested in

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it and why we should pay attention okay

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uh well first of all i was infected

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somewhat by don pettit and his

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enthusiasm for astronomy

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my background is earth science remote

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sensing meteorology and oceanography and

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the connection between my background and

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my previous experience and now

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is

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since i was flying in space on the space

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shuttle

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i have with the international space

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station been uh very instrumental with

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another team in the windows on board the

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iss particularly one the lab window and

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the destiny module

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that is a science window for earth

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science remote sensing exactly we had

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proposed to have that on board

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in in the early 90s and and it is now on

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board and

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i was with the team that produced the

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window observational research facility

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dovetailing off of that with uh that the

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wharf by the way is the acronym that's

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used with the lab window dovetailing off

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of that is the cupola window we were

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part of the team

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that proposed having the cupola on board

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and its windows so that we could go

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beyond just looking at the earth

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straight down underneath the station and

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be able to not only use it for operating

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the remote

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arm the canada arm on board the iss and

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for

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monitoring dockings and and the like and

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birthings but also use it for scientific

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and astronomical purposes which we are

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doing for the transit of venus today

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have we been able to do that uh for any

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interesting events in the past that you

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would mention uh actually the cupola has

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been in use for quite some time since

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it's been on board uh

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primarily for uh earth observations and

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the images that you many people have

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seen probably of the earth quite

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spectacular however we've not used it in

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the mode we're using it now where there

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are internal

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panes

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kind of like your storm windows you have

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maybe two windows in this case

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there are four panes of glass but the

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innermost one is called a scratch pane

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and that's a protective pain to keep the

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others very pristine and that's not an

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optical quality uh piece of glass due to

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the a plastic sheet on it

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and so that one is going to be removed

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today for the for uh only the third time

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prior times were for iss engineering

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evaluations this first time for science

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so it's kind of a big event for us in

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the in the scientific community to be

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able to use the optical quality windows

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to the efficacy

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that's needed to bring out a really

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sharp crisp detailed pictures

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of items in in in in this case don is

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using an 800 millimeter lens which is

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about

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six inches in diameter

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uh the aperture

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and

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for folks in real simple terms is the

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the larger the aperture

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on the lens or the telescope that you're

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using or a pair of binoculars the more

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it is affected by the window so as that

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size grows the worse the image becomes

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so on a smaller camera

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uh a smaller

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diameter lens you don't see too much of

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an effect on the imagery that you might

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uh take but on on a bigger lens the

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imagery really degrades quite rapidly so

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we're hoping to get some really sharp uh

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images of the sun and and fortunately

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don for this event uh he knew about it

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and i think dawn in many aspects knows

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the goings-on of the entire universe in

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his head and uh and and he he planned

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ahead to bring the solar filter on board

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to be able to do this

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good choice we're excited to see what he

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gets um now i know this isn't not the

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um first time that the people that we

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have been around for a few years have uh

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have been able to see this but

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it's the second time

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and before that it's been a long time

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and it'll be a long time again until the

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next chance right uh correct uh the last

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time was in 1760 specifically 1761 and

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1769

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uh and at that time as don mentioned in

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the video there was a of a scientific uh

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a quest for this this was

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kind of like among the nations back then

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a a moon race of the time if you will

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because the

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to be able to measure the transits at

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the contact points that is when

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uh venus first enters the sun and then

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when it exits the tangency points

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between the two edges of the planet

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venus and the sun uh and and you could

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through geometry figure out by the

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distance and the angles

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uh the exact distance from the earth to

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the to the sun and venus to the earth

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etc and by that figure out the distances

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for the rest of the planets in the solar

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system

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uh this was quite a a scientific quest

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at the time

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and

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the english the royal academy sent out

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james cook in 19 in

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1769 actually he left in 1768 from

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england to sail to tahiti and there's

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only certain spots on the ground that

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you could

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like uh solar eclipses you have to be in

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opportune places to be able to see the

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entire transit uh and the french had

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sent out an explorer legenteel which was

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interesting and don mentioned in this

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video how he was gone for so long what

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don didn't mention is that he left for

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the 1761 transit not the 1769 transit as

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cook did and the 1761 uh transit he

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never made it because uh there was a

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british french war at the time so he

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couldn't get to india where he was

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headed to uh

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to view it he stayed out which was what

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happened to him why he was he was out so

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long and why he was declared dead by his

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family when he returned

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but uh he went he was going to go back

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to uh

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observe the 1769 transit in india cook

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was going to tahiti

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and in 1769 he got there but it was

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cloudy and he missed the opportunity so

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it's going to be disappointing

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i'm sure it was for all those years 11

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years he was out

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uh

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what that was the

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the previous one last one was in the uh

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1800's 1884 i believe was the last one

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and then the next one is 2117 and what's

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interesting because of the orbits of

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venus and the earth

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it happens in sequence

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semi well it's regular but it's not

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at equal intervals for example the next

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one's in 105 and a half years

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uh the last one was in 125 and a half

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years so if you if you go and carry out

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the cycle it's 105 and a half and then a

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pair of a pair eight years apart and

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then 125 and a half and then the cycle

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repeats that way okay that's because of

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the eccentricities of the orbits that we

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have but i guess we also are our last or

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the first part of this pair was in 2004

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yes yes the the first one for this uh

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pair was 2004. the iss photo just a

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moment ago

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there it is again the um the trace uh

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vehicle getting some photos of that

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during during its transit in 2004. and

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and and the 2004 from a manned space

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exploration perspective uh

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interesting if i may digress for a

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moment a piece of trivia is gennady

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padalka who was on board now at

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expedition 30 was on board expedition 9

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in 2004 with mike fink

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and unfortunately they did not have a

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solar filter and neither of those

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gentlemen had the entire universe

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calculated in their brain as don pettit

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does

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and uh and but they knew about it and

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they tried to observe uh the transit

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and by indirect means uh the pinhole

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uh box camera on a piece of paper to

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project the sun safely

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uh they were

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barely able to do it because the angles

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to the sun were just barely visible that

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the iss back then was not as was not

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completed and it did not have the suite

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of windows that it has today

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we have much more opportunities for

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viewing in different directions

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with the windows on board now which is

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why we're going to be able to see

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hopefully uh all of the contact points

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uh

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and and even the center point so not it

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won't be invisible the entire time

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because even though we don't have to

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worry about the clouds uh the solar

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arrays on the station as the sun

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transits the sky and the relative

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motions uh the the the solar arrays or

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the radiators may block the view to the

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windows that that we would need but that

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would be very short periods right we've

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got a few different windows that that we

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can use so we saw the live view of the

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cupola which is one of the choices and

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uh and hopefully we'll have some good

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stuff and you're going to be back with

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us later in the week and hopefully we'll

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get to take a look at some of it then

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right well hopefully we'll see some of

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the images that dawn takes now his

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primary

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goal is to take the images out of the

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cupola window one which is the window

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that looks to port

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and that window will have the scratch

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pane removed so it's going to be that's

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an optical quality window

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uh the other two windows he's primarily

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going to use for when the view to the

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sun is in a different orientation is the

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mini research module two uh that has a

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uh

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the docking compartment one which has a

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port forward looking window so that

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gives him the sweet of view across the

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horizon for when the sun transits the

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sky relative to the to the iss well i

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know he's really excited about the

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chance to see that in space but

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hopefully maybe a few of us can see it

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here on the ground as well right

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if you're

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fortunate and and the

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the part of the planet that will not see

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uh the transit at all is

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basically centered over the atlantic

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ocean

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uh we are fortunate in north america and

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south america to be able to see a good

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portion of it we will see it later today

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starting at 1709 or 509 pm uh central

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time in houston

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and it will progress

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weather permitting of course and and it

286
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looks like uh we will have good weather

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at least here locally in houston

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uh it progressed till sunset and uh if

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you're

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uh the uh

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in the

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european area and east uh toward the

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indian ocean

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uh you will see it at sunrise so they

295
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will they will have seen it uh they will

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see it

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for their time zones in the morning and

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then over the indian ocean for example

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it's invis the entire transit is visit

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so

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if for example

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uh we were going to send out explorers

303
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and we were limited to ground

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observations uh we would send sailing

305
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ships to the indian ocean as they did at

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the time in when cook and gentile went

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but we have a a little bit better

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resources now if i know we've got

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the nasa edge crew i think in uh hawaii

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on montaka

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and they're going to be watching it live

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and you can actually uh tune in to some

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of that coverage on nasa tv starting at

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4 30 p.m central time today again the

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transit itself starts at 509 pm central

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time

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right so if you were going to try and

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00:11:42,550 --> 00:11:41,200
see it what what are some of your

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some of your tips

320
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well uh first of all i don't look at the

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sun do the standard safety briefing here

322
00:11:50,790 --> 00:11:48,880
uh let's see i did have a set of glasses

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here uh

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the

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ways that

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most people are more familiar with with

327
00:12:02,069 --> 00:12:00,160
watching eclipses solar eclipses uh the

328
00:12:03,509 --> 00:12:02,079
indirect methods as the box camera the

329
00:12:05,430 --> 00:12:03,519
pinhole cameras that i've said but if

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00:12:07,509 --> 00:12:05,440
you're fortunate enough you can get a

331
00:12:09,350 --> 00:12:07,519
pair of these glasses they're very cheap

332
00:12:11,590 --> 00:12:09,360
and there are solar filter glasses you

333
00:12:14,629 --> 00:12:11,600
can look directly at the sun with these

334
00:12:16,389 --> 00:12:14,639
um they cost about a dollar if that

335
00:12:17,910 --> 00:12:16,399
unfortunately there's not many places

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that sell them

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uh in most local areas so these are not

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00:12:25,110 --> 00:12:23,519
3d movie glasses no no actually it's the

339
00:12:26,629 --> 00:12:25,120
same companies make these they just put

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in the different inserts for the solar

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filter as opposed to the red blue or the

342
00:12:31,110 --> 00:12:29,920
polarizing filters that you might use

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for 3d

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uh these for example uh you can order

345
00:12:38,710 --> 00:12:36,079
online but you would have had a thought

346
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ahead of time to get that even even next

347
00:12:41,990 --> 00:12:40,000
day delivery is not going to help you in

348
00:12:43,910 --> 00:12:42,000
that case uh

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if you haven't had the good fortune to

350
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do that then uh another option

351
00:12:51,990 --> 00:12:49,200
uh might be uh welder's glasses now

352
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welder's glasses come in a variety of

353
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colors if you will

354
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not literally but

355
00:12:59,990 --> 00:12:57,839
you would want number 14 welder's

356
00:13:03,030 --> 00:13:00,000
glasses and those will protect you for

357
00:13:04,710 --> 00:13:03,040
looking directly at the sun now in air

358
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in most areas

359
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where there might be an interest

360
00:13:11,269 --> 00:13:08,880
trying to buy those glasses now in a

361
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home depot or or a lowe's or a hardware

362
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store

363
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they might be sold out on them

364
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for example in houston when uh there's a

365
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storm approaching or florida and a

366
00:13:23,430 --> 00:13:21,760
hurricane approaches uh the stores sell

367
00:13:25,350 --> 00:13:23,440
out of plywood very quickly you know

368
00:13:27,509 --> 00:13:25,360
there's a run on those emergency type

369
00:13:29,430 --> 00:13:27,519
supplies in this case there might be a

370
00:13:30,870 --> 00:13:29,440
run on the goggles for people who didn't

371
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plan ahead

372
00:13:33,990 --> 00:13:32,480
well i hope so i hope that that many

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people are interested i'm going to going

374
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to be tuning in or watching yes uh that

375
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that would i it's

376
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the the transit of venus is as dawn said

377
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in this video is not a scientifically

378
00:13:47,430 --> 00:13:45,600
significant nowadays it's historically

379
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significant we might be able because of

380
00:13:51,670 --> 00:13:49,680
better technology and our observation

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methods discern some

382
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new nuances of information of scientific

383
00:14:00,310 --> 00:13:57,760
information uh about it but it is it is

384
00:14:03,110 --> 00:14:00,320
a tool to generate interest in in

385
00:14:06,230 --> 00:14:03,120
science astronomy specifically uh

386
00:14:07,910 --> 00:14:06,240
technology space and and i i look at it

387
00:14:10,790 --> 00:14:07,920
in a historical perspective these

388
00:14:12,310 --> 00:14:10,800
transits as i mentioned come every 100

389
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plus years or so

390
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and and they're they're points in time

391
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that that highlight the technology of

392
00:14:20,629 --> 00:14:19,680
the time

393
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and

394
00:14:24,790 --> 00:14:22,720
the next time it comes who knows what

395
00:14:27,670 --> 00:14:24,800
what we will be capable of hopefully a

396
00:14:30,150 --> 00:14:27,680
lot more than we are now uh and and

397
00:14:32,310 --> 00:14:30,160
certainly uh i don't believe the iss

398
00:14:33,829 --> 00:14:32,320
will still be orbiting uh the earth

399
00:14:37,750 --> 00:14:33,839
none of us will be here for the next

400
00:14:40,870 --> 00:14:37,760
observation and folks then in 2117 and

401
00:14:42,150 --> 00:14:40,880
in the eight years after that 2125 will

402
00:14:45,269 --> 00:14:42,160
talk about

403
00:14:47,829 --> 00:14:45,279
as we are today the the history of

404
00:14:50,230 --> 00:14:47,839
observing the transits and

405
00:14:52,550 --> 00:14:50,240
what is what what gets me is being in

406
00:14:56,870 --> 00:14:52,560
this control center and talking with you

407
00:15:00,550 --> 00:14:56,880
is is uh the poignant fact that uh the

408
00:15:03,670 --> 00:15:00,560
iss now is part of that history with don

409
00:15:06,310 --> 00:15:03,680
and the crew making this observation it

410
00:15:09,430 --> 00:15:06,320
it goes along with cook and legend teal

411
00:15:12,949 --> 00:15:09,440
and all of that that history so it it it

412
00:15:15,590 --> 00:15:12,959
it's a demarcation of time every 100

413
00:15:18,150 --> 00:15:15,600
plus years apart and that to me uh in in

414
00:15:19,910 --> 00:15:18,160
the continuity i mean if you look at uh

415
00:15:22,710 --> 00:15:19,920
online you can dig up there's a catalog

416
00:15:25,590 --> 00:15:22,720
of transit that goes back to november

417
00:15:28,790 --> 00:15:25,600
uh 1998 bc

418
00:15:31,030 --> 00:15:28,800
okay and then it's projected out to 36

419
00:15:34,629 --> 00:15:31,040
hundred eight you know something like

420
00:15:37,030 --> 00:15:34,639
that a.d uh and and so

421
00:15:38,790 --> 00:15:37,040
it it and here we're in at least on the

422
00:15:40,550 --> 00:15:38,800
on the piece of paper that i had it's it

423
00:15:41,910 --> 00:15:40,560
we're in the middle of that that that

424
00:15:44,629 --> 00:15:41,920
timeline so

425
00:15:46,069 --> 00:15:44,639
it connects us with history it connects

426
00:15:49,269 --> 00:15:46,079
us with the future

427
00:15:51,030 --> 00:15:49,279
great well i hope that uh in 100 or so

428
00:15:53,430 --> 00:15:51,040
years they'll be using the photos that

429
00:15:55,829 --> 00:15:53,440
get taken today and talking about what

430
00:15:57,910 --> 00:15:55,839
how we observe the transit then

431
00:15:59,670 --> 00:15:57,920
well great yeah

432
00:16:03,110 --> 00:15:59,680
go ahead i was just going to say that

433
00:16:03,910 --> 00:16:03,120
that uh if folks go online and and uh

434
00:16:06,150 --> 00:16:03,920
um

435
00:16:08,550 --> 00:16:06,160
search on transit of venus venus transit

436
00:16:11,189 --> 00:16:08,560
uh one of the particular uh websites is

437
00:16:13,509 --> 00:16:11,199
venus transit one word.nasa.gov and you

438
00:16:16,710 --> 00:16:13,519
can hunt around there on that website

439
00:16:18,230 --> 00:16:16,720
will be some of the images that dawn

440
00:16:20,230 --> 00:16:18,240
hopefully will have taken by then

441
00:16:21,509 --> 00:16:20,240
starting this uh this evening

442
00:16:23,269 --> 00:16:21,519
and uh

443
00:16:25,509 --> 00:16:23,279
the the team is ready to bring those

444
00:16:27,749 --> 00:16:25,519
images down as rapidly as as we can and

445
00:16:29,749 --> 00:16:27,759
get them posted online for for everyone

446
00:16:31,670 --> 00:16:29,759
to take a look at beyond that

447
00:16:34,069 --> 00:16:31,680
uh there's a whole host of information

448
00:16:36,790 --> 00:16:34,079
out there as i mentioned and there's uh

449
00:16:39,110 --> 00:16:36,800
of course the the website uh

450
00:16:41,189 --> 00:16:39,120
also is with uh the observations and the

451
00:16:43,749 --> 00:16:41,199
live webcasts that are going on on uh

452
00:16:46,470 --> 00:16:43,759
from the uh mauna kea in hawaii with

453
00:16:49,030 --> 00:16:46,480
nasa edge right so uh to recap all of

454
00:16:50,470 --> 00:16:49,040
that um the uh

455
00:16:52,829 --> 00:16:50,480
an easy

456
00:16:55,030 --> 00:16:52,839
website to go to is just straight to the

457
00:16:56,949 --> 00:16:55,040
www.nasa.gov site it's linked from the

458
00:16:59,430 --> 00:16:56,959
front page there and you can find all

459
00:17:00,790 --> 00:16:59,440
the various coverage areas and

460
00:17:03,189 --> 00:17:00,800
information

461
00:17:06,470 --> 00:17:03,199
sites available through nasa straight

462
00:17:08,470 --> 00:17:06,480
from nasa.gov and then as we mentioned

463
00:17:10,949 --> 00:17:08,480
we're going to be covering it on nasa tv

464
00:17:12,870 --> 00:17:10,959
tonight starting at 4 30 pm central time

465
00:17:15,429 --> 00:17:12,880
we'll have regular studio updates and

466
00:17:18,150 --> 00:17:15,439
also the live coverage by the nasa edge

467
00:17:19,909 --> 00:17:18,160
team from mauna kea in hawaii so all

468
00:17:22,630 --> 00:17:19,919
that to look forward to again coverage

469
00:17:24,549 --> 00:17:22,640
starts at 4 30 p.m central time this

470
00:17:26,309 --> 00:17:24,559
afternoon and uh hopefully we'll be able

471
00:17:28,470 --> 00:17:26,319
to talk with you again later in the week

472
00:17:30,390 --> 00:17:28,480
and get a recap of what actually took

473
00:17:31,750 --> 00:17:30,400
place tonight i look forward to that

474
00:17:33,510 --> 00:17:31,760
thank you thanks so much for coming out

475
00:17:34,310 --> 00:17:33,520
again this is mario ronko an astronaut

476
00:17:37,190 --> 00:17:34,320
here

477
00:17:39,190 --> 00:17:37,200
at nasa and obviously a lot of good